On the properties of residential rooftop azimuth and tilt uncertainties for photovoltaic power generation modeling and hosting capacity analysis

If you have a city with a certain amount of solar power installations, which are the expected orientations of the systems? This was investigated in a recent publication within SOLVE, published in Solar Energy Advances. 

As a first step in this new type of field, the paper proposes dependencies between the amount of solar power installed in a city with the probability distributions of tilt and azimuth angles, assuming more favorable roofs are utilized first. The model is then shown to have a considerable impact on electricity grid simulations when it comes to estimating the so-called hosting capacity of solar power in the grid.

Here is the paper