Entry requirements

150 credits including 60 credits in biology, including 12 credits toxicology, and 30 credits chemistry or 30 credits earth science.

Learning outcomes

The main objectives of the course are to give the students knowledge about toxicological mechanisms and understanding of, as well as training in, the risk assessment process for chemicals.

After having completed the course the students should be able to:

• Explain molecular mechanisms for various toxic effects of chemicals
• Use pathological terminology and based on knowledge of normal morphology evaluate pathological changes in different organs
• Explain why animals and humans are particularly sensitive to adverse effects by chemicals during different developmental periods
• Use epidemiological terminology and interpret epidemiological studies
• Interpret results from different toxicological tests and evaluate their significance for risk assessment
• Critically review and evaluate toxicological studies and risk assessments
• Carry out a brief risk assessment and present it orally and in writing

Content

Toxicological mechanisms: Description of different mechanisms for genotoxicity, cell death and organ toxicity following exposure to chemicals.

Toxicity at the histological level: Basic histology and histopathology. The students perform studies of histological sections.

Anatomical changes: Basic anatomy and anatomical changes as a consequence of exposure for toxic chemicals.

Developmental toxicology: Presentation of structural and functional changes that can be induced during the developmental period in different animal classes.

External and internal exposure: Presentation of different routes via which animals and people are exposed to chemicals and of how chemicals distribute in the body.

Epidemiology: Description of principles and methods for carrying out epidemiological studies. Examples of epidemiological studies are presented.

Risk assessment: An individual project in which risk assessment of a chosen chemical is done. The project is presented orally and in writing and the students oppose on other students’ presentations.

Instruction

Teaching includes lectures, seminars, laboratory practicals, computer exercises and an individual project. Participation in certain seminars and all parts of the project work is compulsory.

Assessment

Modules: Theory 9 credits; Project work 4 credits; Exercises and laboratory sessions 2 credits

The modules Theory and Exercises and laboratory sessions are examined throughwritten exams. The module Theory also includes active participation in seminars. The project is examined through written and oral presentations and critical review of other course participants' project presentations.