Onut-Brännström lab
Biology and evolution of lichen photobionts
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Lichens—symbiotic organisms made up of a heterotrophic fungal host (the mycobiont), algal partners (photobionts), and diverse communities of fungal yeasts and bacteria—are true keystone species in cold environments, supporting entire trophic webs. Many lichen species have impressively wide distribution ranges across different climate zones, and cold-adapted lichens can even survive Mars-like conditions, enduring extreme cold, UV, and gamma radiation. At the same time, lichens are known for their extreme sensitivity to pollution, and recent research suggests that the rapid temperature shifts brought on by climate change are also having a significant impact on them.
The underlying mechanisms behind lichen adaptation—marked by their broad distribution, resilience to extreme conditions, and simultaneous sensitivity to pollution and rapid temperature shifts—remain largely unknown. A significant part of this adaptation is attributed to their photobionts (unicellular green algae or cyanobacteria), which provide carbon to the mycobiont and potentially to other lichen-associated organisms. Despite the photobionts’ pivotal role in lichen symbiosis and environmental adaptation, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding their biology. Their life cycles are only beginning to be understood, and we still know very little about their adaptive and physiological capacities at both the cellular and molecular levels. The number of species, their phylogenetic relationships, and their distribution ranges also remain unclear.
In my research group, we aim to address critical knowledge gaps concerning lichens, with a current focus on several fundamental aspects:
- We are investigating the phylogeny, molecular, physiological, and genomic characteristics of green algal photobionts from the genera Trebouxia and Asterochloris, in collaboration with several European universities.
- We are exploring the dispersal mechanisms of lichen photobionts using a combination of population genomics and long-read amplicon sequencing.
- We are examining how lichens in general—and photobiont communities in particular—are affected by pollutants from the LKAB iron ore mine in Kiruna, Sweden. This project is conducted in collaboration with the University of Oslo, LKAB, and the Laevas Sámi village.
- We are studying how seasonal changes and climatic variation along a Swedish gradient influence photobiont communities. This project is carried out in collaboration with the University of Oslo and my department colleagues Anna Rosling and Veera Tuovinen Nogerius.
If you’re interested in joining the lab for a degree project or a postdoctoral stay, feel free to get in touch. While I don’t currently have funding for postdoctoral positions, I’m happy to explore grant opportunities together.
Group members
Publications
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Part of Current Biology, p. 799-817, 2025
- DOI for Complexity of the lichen symbiosis revealed by metagenome and transcriptome analysis of Xanthoria parietina
- Download full text (pdf) of Complexity of the lichen symbiosis revealed by metagenome and transcriptome analysis of Xanthoria parietina
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Part of Mobile DNA, 2024
- DOI for Teaching transposon classification as a means to crowd source the curation of repeat annotation: a tardigrade perspective
- Download full text (pdf) of Teaching transposon classification as a means to crowd source the curation of repeat annotation: a tardigrade perspective
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Part of Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 2024
- DOI for Identification of a new gregarine parasite associated with mass mortality events of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Sweden
- Download full text (pdf) of Identification of a new gregarine parasite associated with mass mortality events of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Sweden
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Part of BMC Biology, 2024
- DOI for Comparative genomics of Ascetosporea gives new insight into the evolutionary basis for animal parasitism in Rhizaria
- Download full text (pdf) of Comparative genomics of Ascetosporea gives new insight into the evolutionary basis for animal parasitism in Rhizaria
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Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales
Part of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023
- DOI for Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales
- Download full text (pdf) of Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales
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Contrasting outcomes of genome reduction in mikrocytids and microsporidians
Part of BMC Biology, 2023
- DOI for Contrasting outcomes of genome reduction in mikrocytids and microsporidians
- Download full text (pdf) of Contrasting outcomes of genome reduction in mikrocytids and microsporidians
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Part of Genome Biology and Evolution, 2023
- DOI for A Mitosome With Distinct Metabolism in the Uncultured Protist Parasite Paramikrocytos canceri (Rhizaria, Ascetosporea)
- Download full text (pdf) of A Mitosome With Distinct Metabolism in the Uncultured Protist Parasite Paramikrocytos canceri (Rhizaria, Ascetosporea)
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Part of Current Biology, p. 3571-+, 2023
- DOI for A novel kleptoplastidic symbiosis revealed in the marine centrohelid Meringosphaera with evidence of genetic integration
- Download full text (pdf) of A novel kleptoplastidic symbiosis revealed in the marine centrohelid Meringosphaera with evidence of genetic integration
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Thamnolia tundrae sp nov., a cryptic species and putative glacial relict
Part of The Lichenologist, p. 59-75, 2018
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Part of Scientific Reports, 2018
- DOI for Sharing of photobionts in sympatric populations of Thamnolia and Cetraria lichens: evidence from high-throughput sequencing
- Download full text (pdf) of Sharing of photobionts in sympatric populations of Thamnolia and Cetraria lichens: evidence from high-throughput sequencing
Lab alumni
- Annie Thullin – bachelor thesis, graduated 2025
- Andreas Andersson – bachelor thesis, graduated 2025
- Alvin Norrin – bachelor thesis, graduated 2025
- Julia Nilsson – bachelor thesis, graduated 2025
- Michael Bruun-Nielsen – individual project, spring 2024