Carl Hägglund
Senior Lecturer/Associate Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Solar Cell Technology
- Mobile phone:
- +46 73 101 40 36
- E-mail:
- carl.hagglund@angstrom.uu.se
- Visiting address:
- Ångströmlaboratoriet, Regementsvägen 10
- Postal address:
- Box 35
751 03 UPPSALA
Short presentation
Associate professor and Senior lecturer in the area of optics for solar cell materials, with particular focus on ultrathin, resource effective solar cells.
Keywords
- photovoltaics
- nanotechnology
- sustainable development
- finite element methods
- solar cells
- nano-optics
- plasmonic solar cells
- spectroscopic ellipsometry
- atomic layer deposition
- block copolymer lithography
Biography
I obtained my PhD in Physics from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, within the area of plasmonic solar cells explored through mainly experimental methods. Following more theoretical work at Chalmers, I went on as a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University, where I looked into the fabrication and characterization of new high-absorbing plasmonic nanostructures. I am now a Senior Lecturer in the area of optics for solar cell materials at Uppsala University. My research centers on solar energy conversion that makes use of (metal) nanoparticles and other nanoscale designs. On the teaching side, I lead a PhD course on the Optical characterization of thin films and lecture on concentrator photovoltaics and concentrated solar power, among other things.
A bit more on my background in this podcast:
https://beneq.com/podcast/sns-ald-and-ultrathin-solar-cells-with-carl-hagglund/
Research
My research focuses on the use of nano-optics and nanotechnology in solar cells, for both relatively established thin film solar cells (CIGS, CZTS) and for new type of solar cells (tin sulfide, perovskites).
One project, funded by the Swedish research council, explores combinations of plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductor coatings produced by atomic layer deposition (ALD), in order to realize new and much more resource efficient solar cells with ultrathin (nanometer-thickness) absorption layers.
Another project, funded by the Energy agency, investigates the possibility to create better and cheaper tandem solar cells by means of nanotechnology.
Nanofabrication is an integral part of this work and mainly deploys scalable, self-assembly based methods such as block copolymer lithography. Optical characterization, especially spectroscopic ellipsometry, and numerical calculations by the finite element method, are other essential ingredients in the search for new, highly efficient and ultimately resource saving solutions for solar energy conversion to electricity.

Publications
Recent publications
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Part of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, p. 7973-7983, 2026
- DOI for Characterization of F4TCNQ as a dopant in spiro-OMeTAD thin films by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Download full text (pdf) of Characterization of F4TCNQ as a dopant in spiro-OMeTAD thin films by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
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Part of ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, p. 6180-6190, 2026
- DOI for How ALD Settings May Affect the Chemical Structure of the (Zn1–xSnx)Oy/Wide-Gap (Ag,Cu)GaSe2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Interface
- Download full text (pdf) of How ALD Settings May Affect the Chemical Structure of the (Zn1–xSnx)Oy/Wide-Gap (Ag,Cu)GaSe2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Interface
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Enhancing photocurrent collection in wide-gap ACIGS solar cells
Part of Journal of Physics, 2026
- DOI for Enhancing photocurrent collection in wide-gap ACIGS solar cells
- Download full text (pdf) of Enhancing photocurrent collection in wide-gap ACIGS solar cells
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Part of 2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), p. 1133-1133, 2025
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Ultrathin AlOx Films for Back Contact Passivation in Bifacial Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Part of Solar RRL, 2025
- DOI for Ultrathin AlOx Films for Back Contact Passivation in Bifacial Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
- Download full text (pdf) of Ultrathin AlOx Films for Back Contact Passivation in Bifacial Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
All publications
Articles in journal
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Part of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, p. 7973-7983, 2026
- DOI for Characterization of F4TCNQ as a dopant in spiro-OMeTAD thin films by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Download full text (pdf) of Characterization of F4TCNQ as a dopant in spiro-OMeTAD thin films by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
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Part of ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, p. 6180-6190, 2026
- DOI for How ALD Settings May Affect the Chemical Structure of the (Zn1–xSnx)Oy/Wide-Gap (Ag,Cu)GaSe2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Interface
- Download full text (pdf) of How ALD Settings May Affect the Chemical Structure of the (Zn1–xSnx)Oy/Wide-Gap (Ag,Cu)GaSe2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Interface
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Enhancing photocurrent collection in wide-gap ACIGS solar cells
Part of Journal of Physics, 2026
- DOI for Enhancing photocurrent collection in wide-gap ACIGS solar cells
- Download full text (pdf) of Enhancing photocurrent collection in wide-gap ACIGS solar cells
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Ultrathin AlOx Films for Back Contact Passivation in Bifacial Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Part of Solar RRL, 2025
- DOI for Ultrathin AlOx Films for Back Contact Passivation in Bifacial Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
- Download full text (pdf) of Ultrathin AlOx Films for Back Contact Passivation in Bifacial Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
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A solid-state p–n tandem dye-sensitized solar cell
Part of Sustainable Energy & Fuels, p. 1004-1011, 2024
- DOI for A solid-state p–n tandem dye-sensitized solar cell
- Download full text (pdf) of A solid-state p–n tandem dye-sensitized solar cell
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Part of The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, p. 2339-2346, 2023
- DOI for Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence of Single Quantum Dots Immobilized in Optically Coupled Aluminum Nanoholes
- Download full text (pdf) of Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence of Single Quantum Dots Immobilized in Optically Coupled Aluminum Nanoholes
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Metal nanoparticle arrays via a water-based lift-off scheme using a block copolymer template
Part of Nanotechnology, 2022
- DOI for Metal nanoparticle arrays via a water-based lift-off scheme using a block copolymer template
- Download full text (pdf) of Metal nanoparticle arrays via a water-based lift-off scheme using a block copolymer template
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Part of ACS Applied Energy Materials, p. 12022-12028, 2022
- DOI for Atomic Layer Deposition of SnO2 as an Electron Transport Material for Solid-State P-type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- Download full text (pdf) of Atomic Layer Deposition of SnO2 as an Electron Transport Material for Solid-State P-type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Precisely nanostructured HfO2 rear passivation layers for ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se-2
Part of Progress in Photovoltaics, p. 1289-1297, 2022
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Multiscale Optical Modeling of Perovskite-Si Tandem Solar Cells
Part of Frontiers in Photonics, 2022
- DOI for Multiscale Optical Modeling of Perovskite-Si Tandem Solar Cells
- Download full text (pdf) of Multiscale Optical Modeling of Perovskite-Si Tandem Solar Cells
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Charge transport in phthalocyanine thin-film transistors coupled with Fabry-Perot cavities
Part of Journal of Materials Chemistry C, p. 2368-2374, 2021
- DOI for Charge transport in phthalocyanine thin-film transistors coupled with Fabry-Perot cavities
- Download full text (pdf) of Charge transport in phthalocyanine thin-film transistors coupled with Fabry-Perot cavities
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Process Window for Seeded Growth of Arrays of Quasi-Spherical Substrate-Supported Au Nanoparticles
Part of Langmuir, p. 6032-6041, 2021
- DOI for Process Window for Seeded Growth of Arrays of Quasi-Spherical Substrate-Supported Au Nanoparticles
- Download full text (pdf) of Process Window for Seeded Growth of Arrays of Quasi-Spherical Substrate-Supported Au Nanoparticles
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Substrate Effects on Crystal Phase in Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Monosulfide
Part of Chemistry of Materials, p. 2901-2912, 2021
- DOI for Substrate Effects on Crystal Phase in Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Monosulfide
- Download full text (pdf) of Substrate Effects on Crystal Phase in Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Monosulfide
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Ultrathin Solar Cells Based on Atomic Layer Deposition of Cubic versus Orthorhombic Tin Monosulfide
Part of ACS Applied Energy Materials, p. 8085-8097, 2021
- DOI for Ultrathin Solar Cells Based on Atomic Layer Deposition of Cubic versus Orthorhombic Tin Monosulfide
- Download full text (pdf) of Ultrathin Solar Cells Based on Atomic Layer Deposition of Cubic versus Orthorhombic Tin Monosulfide
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Part of Langmuir, p. 6848-6858, 2020
- DOI for Seeded Growth of Large-Area Arrays of Substrate Supported Au Nanoparticles Using Citrate and Hydrogen Peroxide
- Download full text (pdf) of Seeded Growth of Large-Area Arrays of Substrate Supported Au Nanoparticles Using Citrate and Hydrogen Peroxide
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Part of Thin Solid Films, p. 156-164, 2019
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Rear Contact Passivation for High Bandgap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells With a Flat Ga profile
Part of IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, p. 864-870, 2018
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Part of Nano Energy, p. 373-382, 2018
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On Monolayer Formation of Pyrenebutyric Acid on Graphene
Part of Langmuir, p. 3588-3593, 2017
- DOI for On Monolayer Formation of Pyrenebutyric Acid on Graphene
- Download full text (pdf) of On Monolayer Formation of Pyrenebutyric Acid on Graphene
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Part of Solar RRL, 2017
- DOI for Zinc-Tin-Oxide Buffer Layer and Low Temperature Post Annealing Resulting in a 9.0% Efficient Cd-Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell
- Download full text (pdf) of Zinc-Tin-Oxide Buffer Layer and Low Temperature Post Annealing Resulting in a 9.0% Efficient Cd-Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell
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FTO-free top-illuminated colloidal quantum dot electro-optics in devices
Part of Solar Energy, p. 533-542, 2017
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Part of ChemSusChem, p. 434-441, 2017
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Cubic and Orthorhombic Phase Tin Monosulfide
Part of Chemistry of Materials, p. 2969-2978, 2017
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Part of Energy & Environmental Science, p. 216-224, 2017
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Part of ACS Photonics, p. 456-463, 2016
- DOI for Strong coupling of plasmon and nanocavity modes for dual-band, near-perfect absorbers and ultrathin photovoltaics
- Download full text (pdf) of Strong coupling of plasmon and nanocavity modes for dual-band, near-perfect absorbers and ultrathin photovoltaics
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Scalable residue-free graphene for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Part of Carbon, p. 567-571, 2016
- DOI for Scalable residue-free graphene for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
- Download full text (pdf) of Scalable residue-free graphene for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
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Part of Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, p. 170-178, 2016
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Part of Advanced Functional Materials, p. 1921-1929, 2016
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Part of Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 2016
- DOI for Growth, intermixing, and surface phase formation for zinc tin oxide nanolaminates produced by atomic layer deposition
- Download full text (pdf) of Growth, intermixing, and surface phase formation for zinc tin oxide nanolaminates produced by atomic layer deposition
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Photoluminescence studies in epitaxial CZTSe thin films
Part of Journal of Applied Physics, 2016
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The effect of substrate temperature on atomic layer deposited zinc tin oxide
Part of Thin Solid Films, p. 82-87, 2015
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Interference effects in photoluminescence spectra of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films
Part of Journal of Applied Physics, 2015
- DOI for Interference effects in photoluminescence spectra of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films
- Download full text (pdf) of Interference effects in photoluminescence spectra of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films
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Thin film characterization of zinc tin oxide deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition
Part of Thin Solid Films, p. 186, 2014
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Part of Chemistry of Materials, p. 2895-2802, 2014
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Part of The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, p. 22840-22846, 2014
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Portable atomic layer deposition reactor for in situ synchrotron photoemission studies
Part of Review of Scientific Instruments, 2013
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Atomic layer deposition of CdO and CdxZn1−xO films
Part of Materials Chemistry and Physics, p. 465-471, 2013
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Vapor transport deposition and epitaxy of orthorhombic SnS on glass and NaCl substrates
Part of Applied Physics Letters, 2013
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Part of Nano letters (Print), p. 3352-3357, 2013
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Tin oxide atomic layer deposition from tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin and water
Part of Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 2013
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Ultrathin light absorbers based on plasmonic nanocomposites
Part of SPIE Newsroom, 2013
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Plasmonic near-field absorbers for ultrathin solar cells
Part of The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, p. 1275-1285, 2012
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Part of Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 2012
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Part of ACS Nano, p. 6218-6225, 2011
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Part of Nano letters (Print), p. 915-916, 2011
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Resource efficient plasmon-based 2D-photovoltaics with reflective support
Part of Optics Express, 2010
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Part of Nano letters (Print), p. 3135-3141, 2010
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Nanoplasmonic biosensing with on-chip electrical detection
Part of Biosensors & bioelectronics, p. 1131-1136, 2010
Articles, review/survey
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Part of Joule, p. 2483-2522, 2024
- DOI for Wavelength-selective solar photovoltaic systems to enhance spectral sharing of sunlight in agrivoltaics
- Download full text (pdf) of Wavelength-selective solar photovoltaic systems to enhance spectral sharing of sunlight in agrivoltaics
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Electro-Optics of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids for Thin-FilmSolar Cells
Part of Advanced Functional Materials, p. 1253-1260, 2016
Conference papers
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Part of 2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), p. 1133-1133, 2025
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Ultrathin photovoltaic absorbers of SnS: experiments and simulations
2019
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Part of 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), p. 796-801, 2017
- DOI for Rear contact passivation for high bandgap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with varying absorber thickness and flat Ga profile
- Download full text (pdf) of Rear contact passivation for high bandgap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with varying absorber thickness and flat Ga profile
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ALD of phase controlled tin monosulfide thin films
2017
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Back Contact Passivation Effects in Bi-Facial Thin CIGS Solar Cells
Part of 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), p. 3527-3529, 2016
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Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Graphene with and without Residues
2015
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Part of Part of Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9547 Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties XIII, 2015
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Ultrathin metal-semiconductor nanocomposites as resource efficient light absorbers for photovoltaics
2014
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Atomic layer deposition of thin film laminates and solid solutions – the case of zinc tin oxide
2013
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Nanoparticle plasmon induced light absorption in ultrathin a-Si
2012
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Cheap and Thin: Two Processing Approaches to Manufacturable Solar Cells
2012
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Bandgap engineering of ternary ZnOxS1-x CdxZn1-xO thin films via atomic layer deposition
2012
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2011
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanoscale Materials for Energy Conversion
2011
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Optical response of 3D nano-architecture solar cells and integration with 3D device physics
Part of Next Generation (Nano) Photonic and Cell Technologies For Solar Energy Conversion II, 2011