Entry requirements

* For admission to the sub-course in biomechanics, at least 9 passed credit points are required out of which least one course in physiotherapy from term 1 has to be accomplished with a pass; for admission to the sub-course in functional anatomy at least 16 passed credit points are required out of which the course Basic anatomy 6 credit points in term 1 has to be accomplished with a pass.

Aims

This course has the following aims: * to increase the student's knowledge of the functional anatomy of the locomotor organs and knowledge of research methods in kinesiology; * to increase the student's ability to apply this knowledge in order to systematically analyse and evaluate the stability and mobility in normal and abnormal joint function.

AIMS FOR the COURSE

After completed course in biomechanics, the student should in writing:

* be able to describe the definition of force, force gravity, centre of gravity, frictional force and pressure

* be able to point out the centre of gravity in a given body

* be able to calculate friction and pressures and propose measures that influence the size of the friction or the pressure in a given clinical situation

* in a given example be able to choose a free body and draw out and name all forces effecting the free body

* be able to summarise forces and apply the concept force equilibrium to calculate an unknown force and divide a force when needed

* be able to draw out and calculate moment arms and moments and apply the concept moment balance to calculate an unknown force

* be able to state (draw out) the straining moment in a thought training situation

* be able to use the concept moment balance when discussing balance in upright position

* be able to calculate muscle force and joint force at static equilibria.

After completed course in functional anatomy, the student should in writing:

* be able to explain how joints, muscles and nervous system interact to be able to maintain stability and mobility

* be able to explain how the translatoric and rotatoric stability is maintained in the larger joints and in the movement segments of the vertebral column when in open kinematic chains

* be able to explain how the translatoric stability is maintained when the joints and the movement segments are in closed kinematic chains

* be able to explain the stabilising impact of the muscles in an open resp closed kienamatic chain and the practical importance of this

* be able to apply the knowledge on how the translatoric and rotatoric stability be maintained in a given joint or a given movement segment to analyse and evaluate the effect of a trauma

* be able to explain what generally is the origin of the movement-generating resp movement hindering moment in active and passive movements

* be able to explain the concept active and passive muscular insufficiency

* be able to describe different ways to measure muscle strength

* be able to explain in detail what is the origin of the movement-generating resp movement hindering moment in active and passive movements in the larger joints and in the vertebral column including the sacroiliac joints

* be able to explain what structures that brake in the outermost position of a movement to analyse and evaluate the effect of assault in the outermost position

* be able to explain how the position of surrounding joints can influence muscle strength and movement range in a definite joint

* be able to state research methods to study muscle function and active movements

Content

Biomechanics 1 credit points

Biomechanical concepts and definitions. Summation of forces and moments. Calculation of muscle and joint forces at static equilibrium.

Functional anatomy 3 credit points

Primary and secondary stabilising structures in joints and backbone. Biomechanical aspects of clinical tests of translatory and rotatory stability. Axis of movement and range of normal motion of different joints. Analysis of active and passive mobility. Analysis of movement hindering structures in outermost position of joint and backbone. Muscle activity, prime movers, muscle strength and different ways to measure these in different movements in extremities and trunk. Open and closed kinematic chains.

Instruction

Teaching is given in the form of lectures and group assignments.

Assessment

Satisfactory completion of the course requires:

Passing mark on written examination.

Students who have not passed the examination are offered to sit for further examinations 4 times (=totalt 5 examinations). If the student can adduce special reasons the programme committee can admit an additional examination. Every time the student actually sits for an examination will be counted as an examination. Submission of a so called blank test is counted as an examination.