Technical Verification and Monitoring
The focus of this working group is on the technical measures supporting nuclear disarmament, targeting verification challenges. This working group consists of multiple members from the Division for Applied Nuclear Physics at Uppsala University, with competences and experiences in nuclear physics, nuclear engineering and nuclear safeguards.
Current activities span over both research and education, with ongoing research topics targeting the assessment and control of sensitive nuclear materials, fuel cycle analyses, as well as nuclear instruments for verification of existing and future treaties on non-proliferation and disarmament.
Research Topics
- Verification of nuclear weapon dismantlement
- Verification of historical fissile material production
- Remote monitoring with radionuclide stations
- Fissile Material Disposition
- Fuel Cycle Modelling
- Material Attractiveness
Working group Leader: Peter Andersson
Peter Andersson is an Associate Professor in the division of Applied Nuclear Physics at Uppsala University. He has a long experience of development of nuclear instruments with applications in nuclear engineering, nuclear safety and safeguards. His work has an emphasis on gamma spectrometry and nondestructive assay using neutrons and gamma rays as information carriers.
Peter holds a PhD from Uppsala University on the topic of fast neutron tomography. He was also a postdoc at the Halden Reactor Project in Norway, pioneering the use of passive gamma techniques for post-irradiation examination of nuclear fuel.
Photo by Camilla Thulin
Working group members
UU Department of Physics and Astronomy; Applied Nuclear Physics:
- Erik Andersson Sundén
- Cecilia Gustavsson
- Shabir Dar
- Robert Kelley, SIPRI
- Debora Trombetta
- Fabian Unruh, PRIF
- Elias Arnqvist – PhD Student
External collaborators
FOI - Swedish Defence Research Agency
- Anders Ringbom
- Peter Jansson
- Alf Göök
- Catharina Söderström
SIPRI – Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Vitaly Fedchenko
VERTIC – the Verification Research, Training and Information Centre
- Grant Christopher
- Hailey Wingo
KTH – Kungliga Tekniska högskolan
- Pär Olsson
- Fredrik Dehlin
- Alejandria D. Perez Valseca
RWTH Aachen University
- Malte Göttsche
- Max Schalz
Publications
A selection of the working group's publications are listed below, in order of publication year.
2026
- Erik Andersson Sundén, Elias Arnqvist, Cecilia Gustavsson, Linus Hägg, Robert E. Kelley , Peter Andersson
Delayed Phase Neutron Energy (DAPHNE) analysis for discrimination of fissile and fertile uranium in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment - Elias Arnqvist, Shabir Dar, Volodymyr Khotiaintsev, Peter Jansson, Alf Göök, Erik Andersson Sundén, Cecilia Gustavsson, Peter Andersson,
Determining the minimum detectable activity of coincidence HPGe -ray spectrometers using simulation tools in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
2025
- C. Gustavsson, P. Andersson, E. Branger, G. Christopher, J. Shin, and H. Wingo, “Modelling fissile production in the Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR) of North Korea,” Sci. Glob. Secur., 2025
- A. Göök, E. A. Sundén, P. Andersson, S. Jarl-Holm, P. Jansson, and C. Söderström, “Timestamped list-mode data from coincidence γ-ray spectrometry with HPGe detectors on air-filter samples,” Data Brief, vol. 61, p. 111832, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2025.111832.
- R. H. L. Bloemendal, “Iran’s demonstration in downblending its enriched uranium stockpile indicates a roughly even chance of signalling a diplomatic pathway to resolve its enriched uranium stockpile in future negotiations,” Janes Intell. Rev., Mar. 2025.
- S. Grape, E. Branger, V. Fedchenko, C. Gustavsson, and R. E. Kelley, “Development of uranium and plutonium based nuclear weapons—what impacts the choice of fissile material route?,” J. Strateg. Trade Control, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.25518/2952-7597.148.
- E. Andersson Sunden, E. Arnqvist, C. Gustavsson, R. E. Kelley, and P. Andersson, “Delayed Phase Neutron Energy (DAPHNE) analysis for discrimination of fissile and fertile uranium.”,
- P. Jansson, “Data for: Timestamped list-mode data from coincidence γ-ray spectrometry with HPGe detectors on air-filter samples,” Jan. 2025, doi: 10.57804/0tjh-3b49.
- (Student Publication) C. Bernroth, “Simulering av bestrålning och utbränning av vapengradigt plutonium som MOX-bränsle i lättvattenreaktor.” Uppsala University, Applied Nuclear Physics, p. 26, 2025.
- (Student Publication) E. Ivarsson Biebel, E. Andersson Sundén, and P. Andersson, “Analys av Minsta Detekterbara Aktivitet i gamma-koincidensspektrometern GeCo,” Uppsala University, Applied Nuclear Physics, 2025.
2024
- Schalz, M., Branger E., Göttsche, M., Grape, S., Gustavsson, C., Assessing Pakistan's Fissile Material Production, (2024), Science & Global Security
2023
- Branger, P. Andersson, V. Fedchenko, S. Grape, C. Gustavsson, R. Kelley, D. Trombetta, Plutonium Production under Uranium Constraint, Science & Global Security, (2023)
- Preston et al., Methodology for Multiparameter Evaluation of Barriers Against Proliferation of Minor Actinides, Nuclear Technology, (2023)
- S Grape, E. Branger, C. Gustavsson, R. Kelley, Simulating submarine reactor fuel in light of the AUKUS deal, ESARDA Bulletin - The International Journal of Nuclear Safeguards and Non-proliferation, ISSN 1977-5296, Vol. 65, p. 34-43. (2023)
2022
- Robert Kelley, Sophie Grape (Contributor), Erik Branger, (Contributor), Cecilia Gustavsson (Contributor). 2022. OPCW as a Model for a TPNW Struture
Conference Proceedings and Posters
2026
- E. Arnqvist, Designing coincidence γ-ray spectrometers with optimized minimum detectable activity, 15th Nordic Meeting on Nuclear Physics, Visby, Gotland, 2026
AMC Conference 2026 presentations
- Robert E. Kelley, Linus Hägg,, Peter Andersson
Irreversible Disablement as a Prelude to Disarmament - Presented at AMC Conference - Cecilia Gustavsson, Fabian Unruh, Leveraging operational records for verification
- E. Arnkvist, Determining the minimum detectable activity of coincidence HPGe γ-ray spectrometry using simulation tools
AMC Conference 2026 posters
- Peter Andersson, Trust but Verify – Approaches to verifiable nuclear disarmament
- Peter Andersson, The core of the matter – nuclear fission and fissile materials
- Shabir Dar et al., Development of a background model for gamma-ray spectrometry measurements in radionuclide monitoring
- Filip Ekblom et al., Archive-based archaeology in practice: Can we track the fuel from the first core load in Ågesta nuclear power plant and verify its operation?
- Ellen Ivarsson Biebel, A modular method for prediction of nuclear warhead gamma signatures
2025
- S. Saariokari, P. Dendooven, P. Andersson and E. Brücken, "Experimental Evaluation of a Large Pixelated CZT Detector for Passive Gamma Emission Tomography of Spent Nuclear Fuel," 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), Yokohama, Japan, 2025, pp. 1-1,
- P. Dendooven, S. Saariokari, M. Laassiri, P. Andersson and E. Brücken, "Comparing Small and Large CZT Detectors for Emission Imaging of Spent Nuclear Fuel," 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), Yokohama, Japan, 2025, pp. 1-1,
- Brücken, E., Andersson, P., Bezak, M., Dendooven, P., Godø, S., Holm, S., Kalliokoski, M., Kalsæg, A., Pettersson, G., Puranen, A. and Rathore, V., On Improving Nuclear Fuel Imaging Using Position Sensitive Detectors., Nuclear Science and Technology Symposium - SYP2025, Espoo, Finland, 21-22 October 2025
- Cecilia Gustavsson, Peter Andersson, Elias Arnqvist, Shabir Dar, Erik Andersson Sundén, Technical Verification and Monitoring Research at the Alva Myrdal Centre for Nuclear Disarmament, SPS’25 – 4th Interdisciplinary Conference on Technical Peace Research, 2025
- Peter Andersson, Technical Verification of Nuclear Disarmament at the Alva Myrdal Centre, Christmas workshop on nuclear physics, UiO, Oslo, 15th December, 2025
- C. Gustavsson, E. Arnqvist, P. Andersson, A. Göök, P. Jansson, A. Ringbom, J. Grumer, E. Andersson Sunden, Advanced course on verification of nuclear test explosions, Alva Myrdal Centre AMC Annual conference 2025
- C. Gustavsson, E. Arnqvist, P. Andersson, A. Göök, P. Jansson, A. Ringbom, J. Grumer, E. Andersson Sunden, Advanced course on verification of nuclear test explosions, ND2025, Madrid
- S. Dar et al., “Development of a background model for coincidence gamma-ray spectrometry measurements in radionuclide monitoring.”, conference poster, CTBT SnT, 2025.
- C. Gustavsson et al., “Advanced course on verification of nuclear test explosions.” , Advanced course on verification of nuclear test explosions, ND2025, Madrid.
AMC Conference 2025
- C. Bernroth, “Simulating irradiation and depletion of weapons-grade plutonium as MOX fuel in a light-water reactor,”
- R. Kelley, “Understanding the Modern Gas Centrifuge,”
- R. H. L. Bloemendal, “Iran’s demonstration in downblending its enriched uranium stockpile indicates a roughly even chance of signalling a diplomatic pathway to resolve its enriched uranium stockpile in future negotiations,”
2024
AMC Conference 2024
- Andersson Sunden, C. Gustavsson, A. Göök, E. Ivarsson Biebel, P. Jansson, S. Jarl Holm, C. Söderström, R. Wallentin, P. Andersson, GeCo - A gamma-ray spectroscopy system for evaluation of coincidence methods in radionuclide monitoring
- Gustavsson Andersson P., Branger E., Christopher G., Schmerler D., and Wingo H. Modelling fissile production in the Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR) of DPRK
- Gustavsson, P. Andersson, E. Branger, and S. Grape. Exploring methods to reconstruct historic reactor operation
- Dehlin F., Pérez-Valseca A.D., Preston M., Gustavsson C., Andersson P., and Olsson P., Plutonium disposal in the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor SUNRISE-LFR
- D.M. Trombetta, A. Göök, E. Branger, P. Andersson, S. Grape, Assessment of a liquid organic scintillation detector for fast neutron measurements in the context of verification of nuclear weapon dismantlement
- Grape, E. Branger, V. Fedchenko, Exploring reasons behind the development of uranium and plutonium based nuclear weapons in states.
2023
- Gustavsson, C., Branger, E., Grape, S., Mishra, V., Varenne-Paquet, E. (2023). Comparison of the physical and operational parameters of the CANDU reactor and the NRX reactor. AMC Annual conference 2023, 14-15 June, 2023.
- Gustavsson, Branger, E., Fredriksson, S., Hallander, A., Hedberg, I, Mishra V., Assessments of design and operational parameter sensitivity towards plutonium production in heavy water reactors, (2023)
- Grape, Applied nuclear physics in the Alva Myrdal Centre for nuclear disarmament: Non-proliferation and safeguards activities, DPG Spring Meeting of the Matter and Cosmos Section (SMuK), March 2023
AMC Conference 2023
- Grape, S., Branger, E., Gustavsson, C. (2023). Retrieving information about the Ågesta reactor in Sweden. AMC Annual conference 2023, 14-15 June, 14-15 June, 2023.
- Gustavsson, C., Branger, E., Fredriksson, S., Hallander, A., Hedberg, I. Mishra V, (2023). Assessments of design and operational parameter sensitivity towards plutonium production in heavy water reactors. AMC Annual conference 2023
- Trombetta, E. Branger, A. Göök, P. Andersson, S. Grape, C. Gustavsson, V. Mishra, M. Preston, IPNDV disarmament verification exercise: in perspective of AMC WG4 participation
- Trombetta, E. Branger, S. Grape, C. Gustavsson,, M. Preston, Evaluating nuclear proliferation implications on the use of minor actinides fuel for waste transmutation through material attractiveness analysis
- Preston, E. Branger, S. Grape, V. Mishra, D.M. Trombetta, Methodology for multi-parameter evaluation of minor actinide material attractiveness
- Andersson et al., Radionuclide monitoring with coincidence gamma-ray spectroscopy, poster presentation
- Branger, P. Andersson, V. Fedchenko, C. Gustavsson, S. Grape, R. Kelley, V. Mishra, M. Preston, Plutonium production under uranium constraints
2022
- Sophie Grape, Peter Andersson, Erik Branger, Fedchenko, Vitaly. 2022. Report: Technical nuclear non-proliferation and safeguards under the Alva Myrdal Centre for Nuclear Disarmament
- Grape, E. Branger, C. Gustavsson, R. Kellery, V. Fedchenko, Studies of naval reactor core properties in light of recent AUKUS developments,
AMC Conference 2022
- Grape, E. Branger, C. Gustavsson, M. Österlund, A. Ringbom, C. Hellesen, J. Kastlander., Development of a PhD course in verification of nuclear test explosions under AMC,
- Preston, P. Andersson, What makes the bomb go off? On the definitions of fertile, fissile, fissible and fissionable nuclei, poster presentation,
- Preston, E. Branger, S. Grape, V. Mishra, Neptunium: time for nuclear safeguards?,
- Gustavsson Andersson, P., Branger, E., Grape, S., Mishra, V., A technical view on Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme,
Data publication
P. Jansson, “Data for: Timestamped list-mode data from coincidence γ-ray spectrometry with HPGe detectors on air-filter samples,” Jan. 2025.
Student projects
C. Bernroth, “Simulering av bestrålning och utbränning av vapengradigt plutonium som MOX-bränsle i lättvattenreaktor.” Uppsala University, Applied Nuclear Physics, p. 26, 2025.
E. Ivarsson Biebel, E. Andersson Sundén, and P. Andersson, “Analys av Minsta Detekterbara Aktivitet i gamma-koincidensspektrometern GeCo,” Uppsala University, Applied Nuclear Physics, 2025.
%20fotograf%20Micke%20Petterson.jpg)
Photo by Micke Petterson
Contact
- For questions about the working group's research and activities:
- Peter Andersson