Mineralogy, Petrology and Tectonics

We explore our planet from its glowing interior to the Earth's surface. We study processes ranging from microscopic crystals to entire continents in motion.

Description

Mineralogy – from rare metals to the hidden properties of the Earth

In mineralogy, we explore the world of minerals: how they are formed, where they are found and how they are distributed in the Earth's crust. We are particularly interested in rare and critical metals, such as rare earth elements, and study them both in the field and through detailed laboratory analyses. We also investigate the properties of the Earth's interior to better understand the planet's dynamics – knowledge that can help us identify minerals suitable for energy storage.

Petrology – rocks that tell the story of the planet

In petrology, we study the composition, properties and origin of rocks in different environments. We follow how pressure and temperature develop as mountain ranges emerge and how magma changes on its way through volcanic systems. By analysing ores, we also work to understand where the critical elements of the future can be extracted.

Tectonics and structural geology – movements and forces in the Earth's crust

In tectonics and structural geology, we investigate how the Earth's crust is formed and deformed over time. We study how mountain ranges are formed – and how these processes are linked to ore formation. We also conduct research on how magma moves through the Earth's crust and what this means for geothermal energy and risks associated with volcanism.

To understand the complex chemical and physical processes that shape the Earth – on timescales ranging from seconds to millions of years – our three research areas work closely together.

Our Research

Geodynamics and crustal deformation

Our research aims to understand large- and small-scale tectonic processes through both field observations and modelling. We mainly target mountain building in compressional regimes, as well as its links with the formation of ore deposits and salt tectonics. We combine geological and geophysical data, as well as cutting-edge mineralogical and petrological methods to derive a holistic picture of the geological history and processes of the oldest continents and younger mountain belts, such as the Caledonides and the Zagros Mountains. Moreover, we use analogue modelling to simulate the evolution of mountain belts and other tectonic settings. Numerical modelling is used to elucidate tectonothermal histories of rocks and deep circulation of chemical compounds in orogenic systems. The results of our research have important implications for identifying and extracting ore deposits and safely storing hazardous waste.

Earth’s Mantle Mineralogy and Geochemistry

The mantle is an important reservoir of silicates, metals, sulphur, volatiles and heat, which are transferred to the crust by volcanoes at divergent and convergent plate margins and also in intraplate settings.

Trace element and isotope geochemistry of lavas from Ocean Islands allow us to investigate the nature and origin of mantle heterogeneity, partial melting processes and melt-mantle interactions.

Research within experimental mineralogy seeks to obtain information on properties of Earth’s materials under extreme pressure and temperatures. Using diamond anvil technique and laser heating, in situ HP-HT experiments are conducted; simulating conditions of the Earth’s deep interior. Applying conventional and synchrotron X-rays, and a range of optical spectroscopic techniques, physicochemical properties such as phase transitions, magnetism, thermal and electric conductivities are determined and used in geophysical and geochemical models. Research interests extend from pressure- and temperature-induced phase transformations of mantle oxides and silicates to crustal mineral-fluid interactions.

Mineral resources for a changing society

We conduct research on different types of mineral deposits containing strategic and critical metals important for the ongoing energy transition. We study ore-forming processes, the significance of host rocks and how mineralization is affected by subsequent deformation and metamorphism. Through experimental mineralogy, we synthesize crystals that selectively enrich rare earth elements, and together with other stakeholders we are involved in the development of innovative exploration methods.

Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing systems

We study how magma is transported, stored, and evolves in the Earth’s crust in different volcanic settings, such as Ocean Islands, mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and continental rift zones. Here, we use petrological and geochemical analyses to trace the magma from its source through the plumbing system to eruption. In addition, we study deformation related to the movement and storage of magma in the Earth’s crust and the interaction between tectonic and magmatic processes. The results help to better understand volcanic hazrads, the formation of ore deposits in volcanic environments and improve our understanding of geothermal resources.

Natural hazards

Our research aims to understand natural hazards and the mechanism behind them, in particular volcanic hazards and landslides. Our research on magmatic processes helps to improve the interpretation of monitoring signals from active volcanoes and contributes to more precise forecasting of volcanic eruptions. Our research results also apply to understand landslides in general and Sweden in particular, and the link to climate change.

PhD Studies

According to international evaluations, Uppsala University has some of the most comprehensive research in geosciences in Europe, and our doctoral students at Uppsala University are among the most satisfied with their doctoral education. We offer doctoral studies in eight research areas.