Messinger group

Understand the mechanism of water oxidation in photosynthesis, and develop artificial catalysts for water oxidation of commonly occurring substances in nature.
Our research
The research in the Messinger group is focused on understanding the mechanism of water-oxidation in photosynthesis, and the development of artificial catalysts for water oxidation made from earth-abundant elements. To obtain molecular insight, we study these processes by a brought range of biophysical techniques, including membrane inlet mass spectrometry, EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), X-ray spectroscopy, serial femtosecond crystallography and neutron diffraction. We also develop catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of water to hydrogen and of nitrogen to ammonia.
Research projects in our group
- Structure of photosystem II
- Mechanism of water oxidation in photosystem II
- Photoactivation of photosystem II
- Role of bicarbonate for photosystem II
- Role of water and H-bonding networks for activating base metals in biological catalysis
- Activation of base metals for water oxidation
- Electrochemical nitrogen reduction
- Electrochemical water reduction to H2
Group members
Publications
-
The structure of intact and active Photosystem II from Arabidopsis thaliana at 2.44 Å resolution
Part of New Phytologist, p. 3014-3025, 2026
- DOI for The structure of intact and active Photosystem II from Arabidopsis thaliana at 2.44 Å resolution
- Download full text (pdf) of The structure of intact and active Photosystem II from Arabidopsis thaliana at 2.44 Å resolution
-
Part of Photosynthesis Research, 2025
- DOI for Probing substrate water access through the O1 channel of Photosystem II by single site mutations and membrane inlet mass spectrometry
- Download full text (pdf) of Probing substrate water access through the O1 channel of Photosystem II by single site mutations and membrane inlet mass spectrometry
-
Part of The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, p. 3778-3787, 2025
- DOI for X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Dilute Metalloenzymes at X-ray Free-Electron Lasers in a Shot-by-Shot Mode
- Download full text (pdf) of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Dilute Metalloenzymes at X-ray Free-Electron Lasers in a Shot-by-Shot Mode
-
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 413-426, 2024
- DOI for On the simulation and interpretation of substrate-water exchange experiments in photosynthetic water oxidation
- Download full text (pdf) of On the simulation and interpretation of substrate-water exchange experiments in photosynthetic water oxidation
-
Assignment of the slowly exchanging substrate water of nature's water-splitting cofactor
Part of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024
- DOI for Assignment of the slowly exchanging substrate water of nature's water-splitting cofactor
- Download full text (pdf) of Assignment of the slowly exchanging substrate water of nature's water-splitting cofactor
-
Closing Kok's cycle of nature's water oxidation catalysis
Part of Nature Communications, 2024
- DOI for Closing Kok's cycle of nature's water oxidation catalysis
- Download full text (pdf) of Closing Kok's cycle of nature's water oxidation catalysis
-
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals hydrogen positions and water networks in photosystem II
Part of Science, p. 1349-1355, 2024
-
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 103-138, 2024
- DOI for Tribute to Kenneth Sauer (1931-2022): a mentor, a role-model, and an inspiration to all in the field of photosynthesis
- Download full text (pdf) of Tribute to Kenneth Sauer (1931-2022): a mentor, a role-model, and an inspiration to all in the field of photosynthesis
-
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 101-102, 2024
-
Part of Nature Communications, 2023
- DOI for Flavodiiron-mediated O-2 photoreduction at photosystem I acceptor-side provides photoprotection to conifer thylakoids in early spring
- Download full text (pdf) of Flavodiiron-mediated O-2 photoreduction at photosystem I acceptor-side provides photoprotection to conifer thylakoids in early spring
-
Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II
Part of Nature, p. 629-636, 2023
- DOI for Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II
- Download full text (pdf) of Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II
-
Going around the Kok cycle of the water oxidation reaction with femtosecond X-ray crystallography
Part of IUCrJ, p. 642-655, 2023
- DOI for Going around the Kok cycle of the water oxidation reaction with femtosecond X-ray crystallography
- Download full text (pdf) of Going around the Kok cycle of the water oxidation reaction with femtosecond X-ray crystallography
-
Alternative Mechanism for O2 Formation in Natural Photosynthesis via Nucleophilic Oxo-Oxo Coupling
Part of Journal of the American Chemical Society, p. 4129-4141, 2023
-
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 91-107, 2023
- DOI for Evolutionary diversity of proton and water channels on the oxidizing side of photosystem II and their relevance to function
- Download full text (pdf) of Evolutionary diversity of proton and water channels on the oxidizing side of photosystem II and their relevance to function
-
Solar energy conversion by photosystem II: principles and structures
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 279-307, 2023
- DOI for Solar energy conversion by photosystem II: principles and structures
- Download full text (pdf) of Solar energy conversion by photosystem II: principles and structures
-
Capturing the sequence of events during the water oxidation reaction in photosynthesis using XFELs
Part of FEBS Letters, p. 30-37, 2023
- DOI for Capturing the sequence of events during the water oxidation reaction in photosynthesis using XFELs
- Download full text (pdf) of Capturing the sequence of events during the water oxidation reaction in photosynthesis using XFELs
-
Water Oxidation by Pentapyridyl Base Metal Complexes?: A Case Study
Part of Inorganic Chemistry, p. 9104-9118, 2022
- DOI for Water Oxidation by Pentapyridyl Base Metal Complexes?: A Case Study
- Download full text (pdf) of Water Oxidation by Pentapyridyl Base Metal Complexes?: A Case Study
-
Part of Chemical Science, p. 10734-10742, 2022
- DOI for Towards time resolved characterization of electrochemical reactions: electrochemically-induced Raman spectroscopy
- Download full text (pdf) of Towards time resolved characterization of electrochemical reactions: electrochemically-induced Raman spectroscopy
-
Reversible Structural Isomerization of Nature’s Water Oxidation Catalyst Prior to O–O Bond Formation
Part of Journal of the American Chemical Society, p. 11736-11747, 2022
- DOI for Reversible Structural Isomerization of Nature’s Water Oxidation Catalyst Prior to O–O Bond Formation
- Download full text (pdf) of Reversible Structural Isomerization of Nature’s Water Oxidation Catalyst Prior to O–O Bond Formation
-
Molecular basis for turnover inefficiencies (misses) during water oxidation in photosystem II
Part of Chemical Science, p. 8667-8678, 2022
- DOI for Molecular basis for turnover inefficiencies (misses) during water oxidation in photosystem II
- Download full text (pdf) of Molecular basis for turnover inefficiencies (misses) during water oxidation in photosystem II
-
Part of Dalton Transactions, p. 660-674, 2021
- DOI for Electronic and geometric structure effects on one-electron oxidation of first-row transition metals in the same ligand framework
- Download full text (pdf) of Electronic and geometric structure effects on one-electron oxidation of first-row transition metals in the same ligand framework
-
Part of Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, 2021
- DOI for The D1-V185N mutation alters substrate water exchange by stabilizing alternative structures of the Mn4Ca-cluster in photosystem II
- Download full text (pdf) of The D1-V185N mutation alters substrate water exchange by stabilizing alternative structures of the Mn4Ca-cluster in photosystem II
-
Part of Chemical Science, p. 12763-12775, 2021
- DOI for The exchange of the fast substrate water in the S-2 state of photosystem II is limited by diffusion of bulk water through channels - implications for the water oxidation mechanism
- Download full text (pdf) of The exchange of the fast substrate water in the S-2 state of photosystem II is limited by diffusion of bulk water through channels - implications for the water oxidation mechanism
-
Solar-Driven Water Splitting at 13.8% Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency by an Earth-Abundant Electrolyzer
Part of ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, p. 14070-14078, 2021
- DOI for Solar-Driven Water Splitting at 13.8% Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency by an Earth-Abundant Electrolyzer
- Download full text (pdf) of Solar-Driven Water Splitting at 13.8% Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency by an Earth-Abundant Electrolyzer
-
Part of Structural Dynamics, 2021
- DOI for Effects of x-ray free-electron laser pulse intensity on the Mn K beta(1,3) x-ray emission spectrum in photosystem II-A case study for metalloprotein crystals and solutions
- Download full text (pdf) of Effects of x-ray free-electron laser pulse intensity on the Mn K beta(1,3) x-ray emission spectrum in photosystem II-A case study for metalloprotein crystals and solutions
-
Part of Nature Communications, 2021
- DOI for Structural dynamics in the water and proton channels of photosystem II during the S-2 to S-3 transition
- Download full text (pdf) of Structural dynamics in the water and proton channels of photosystem II during the S-2 to S-3 transition
-
Part of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021
-
Part of Scientific Reports, 2021
- DOI for Room temperature XFEL crystallography reveals asymmetry in the vicinity of the two phylloquinones in photosystem I
- Download full text (pdf) of Room temperature XFEL crystallography reveals asymmetry in the vicinity of the two phylloquinones in photosystem I
-
Part of International journal of hydrogen energy, p. 30366-30372, 2021
-
Spin transition in a ferrous chloride complex supported by a pentapyridine ligand
Part of Chemical Communications, p. 2703-2706, 2020
- DOI for Spin transition in a ferrous chloride complex supported by a pentapyridine ligand
- Download full text (pdf) of Spin transition in a ferrous chloride complex supported by a pentapyridine ligand
-
Part of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, p. 141-145, 2020
-
Part of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, p. 12894-12908, 2020
-
Part of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, p. 12624-12635, 2020
-
More than protection: the function of TiO2 interlayers in hematite functionalized Si photoanodes
Part of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, p. 28459-28467, 2020
- DOI for More than protection: the function of TiO2 interlayers in hematite functionalized Si photoanodes
- Download full text (pdf) of More than protection: the function of TiO2 interlayers in hematite functionalized Si photoanodes
-
Part of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, p. 29629-29636, 2020
- DOI for Water oxidation by photosystem II is the primary source of electrons for sustained H-2 photoproduction in nutrient-replete green algae
- Download full text (pdf) of Water oxidation by photosystem II is the primary source of electrons for sustained H-2 photoproduction in nutrient-replete green algae
-
Toward Sustainable H-2 Production: Linking Hydrogenase with Photosynthesis
Part of Joule, p. 1157-1159, 2020
-
Bicarbonate-Mediated CO2 Formation on Both Sides of Photosystem II
Part of Biochemistry, p. 2442-2449, 2020
- DOI for Bicarbonate-Mediated CO2 Formation on Both Sides of Photosystem II
- Download full text (pdf) of Bicarbonate-Mediated CO2 Formation on Both Sides of Photosystem II
-
Part of Physiologia Plantarum, p. 60-72, 2019
-
XANES and EXAFS of dilute solutions of transition metals at XFELs
Part of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, p. 1716-1724, 2019
- DOI for XANES and EXAFS of dilute solutions of transition metals at XFELs
- Download full text (pdf) of XANES and EXAFS of dilute solutions of transition metals at XFELs
-
Five-coordinate Mn-IV intermediate in the activation of nature's water splitting cofactor
Part of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, p. 16841-16846, 2019
-
Thomas John Wydrzynski (8 July 1947–16 March 2018)
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 253-261, 2019
- DOI for Thomas John Wydrzynski (8 July 1947–16 March 2018)
- Download full text (pdf) of Thomas John Wydrzynski (8 July 1947–16 March 2018)
-
We remember those who left us in the recent past
Part of Physiologia Plantarum, p. 7-11, 2019
-
Part of Dalton Transactions, p. 1166-1170, 2019
- DOI for A microstructured p-Si photocathode outcompetes Pt as a counter electrode to hematite in photoelectrochemical water splitting
- Download full text (pdf) of A microstructured p-Si photocathode outcompetes Pt as a counter electrode to hematite in photoelectrochemical water splitting
-
Photosynthesis: European Congress on Photosynthesis Research
Part of Physiologia Plantarum, p. 4-6, 2019
-
Cobalt-doped hematite thin films for electrocatalytic water oxidation in highly acidic media
Part of Chemical Communications, p. 5017-5020, 2019
- DOI for Cobalt-doped hematite thin films for electrocatalytic water oxidation in highly acidic media
- Download full text (pdf) of Cobalt-doped hematite thin films for electrocatalytic water oxidation in highly acidic media
-
Structure of intermediates of the water oxidation reaction in photosystem II
Part of Acta Crystallographica Section A, 2019
-
Part of Photosynthesis Research, p. 93-106, 2019
- DOI for Unequal misses during the flash-induced advancement of photosystem II: effects of the S state and acceptor side cycles
- Download full text (pdf) of Unequal misses during the flash-induced advancement of photosystem II: effects of the S state and acceptor side cycles
-
Part of Physiologia Plantarum, p. 165-180, 2019
-
Part of Sustainable Energy & Fuels, p. 2215-2223, 2018
- DOI for Photo-electrochemical hydrogen production from neutral phosphate buffer and seawater using micro-structured p-Si photo-electrodes functionalized by solution-based methods
- Download full text (pdf) of Photo-electrochemical hydrogen production from neutral phosphate buffer and seawater using micro-structured p-Si photo-electrodes functionalized by solution-based methods
-
Structures of the intermediates of Kok's photosynthetic water oxidation clock
Part of Nature, p. 421-425, 2018