Santa Slokenberga
Senior Lecturer/Associate Professor Docent at Department of Law; Professors, Instructors, Researchers
- Telephone:
- +46 18 471 74 20
- E-mail:
- santa.slokenberga@jur.uu.se
- Visiting address:
- Trädgårdsgatan 1, Trädgårdsgatan 20
- Postal address:
- Box 512
751 20 UPPSALA
Short presentation
Santa Slokenberga, LL.D., is an Associate Professor of Medical Law specialising in European health data governance and data‑driven healthcare, with a particular focus on the GDPR, European Health Data Space, patient rights, and AI‑enabled medical decision‑making under EU and Swedish law. Her other interests include biobanking, genome and gene editing regulation, children's rights in biomedicine, and rare disease governance. She is a vice president of the European Association of Health Law
Keywords
- Medical law European health data governance GDPR / data protection law European Health Data Space (EHDS) Health data sharing Patient rights AI in healthcare / AI-enabled medical decision-making Biobanking Genomics Gene editing (germline and somatic) ATMPs (advanced therapy medicinal products) Children's rights in biomedicine Paediatric health care / paediatric decision-making Rare disease governance Regulatory science EU health law Human rights and biomedicine Legal pluralism Direct-to-consumer genetic testing Standard of care
Research
Santa Slokenberga, LL.D., is an Associate Professor of Medical Law and Senior Lecturer in Administrative Law at the Department of Law, Uppsala University, where she holds the title of Docent in Medical Law. In 2026, she served as a Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Minnesota Law School, where she taught on the General Data Protection Regulation.
She earned her doctorate from Uppsala University in 2016 with a thesis on European legal perspectives on health-related direct-to-consumer genetic testing, examining how the coexistence of Council of Europe and EU legal orders shapes the regulation of genetic testing across Member States. Her supervisors included Elisabeth Rynning, Jane Reichel, and Tamara Hervey. Following her doctorate, she carried out postdoctoral research at Lund University and served as an ELSI expert at BBMRI-ERIC.
Slokenberga's research centers on European health data governance and data-driven healthcare, with particular attention to the GDPR, the European Health Data Space, patient rights, and AI-enabled medical decision-making under EU and Swedish law. Her work also extends to biobanking, the regulation of genome and gene editing, children's rights in biomedicine, and the governance of rare diseases. She has published extensively on these themes, including a co-edited book on GDPR and biobanking (Springer, 2021), AI in Biobanking (Routledge, 2025), EHDS (Routledge, 2025), a chapter on the regulation of human germline genome modification in Sweden (Cambridge University Press, 2019), and numerous articles addressing the European Health Data Space, paediatric decision-making, and children's rights protections, among them work on nonconsensual gender-conforming interventions on children with intersex conditions.
She has been involved in a range of European research collaborations, including the Horizon Europe-funded SCALE-CVD project, where Uppsala leads work on law, ethics, and communication, and contributions to earlier EU projects on biobanking and data protection across Europe and Africa. She currently contributes to the PROMOT initiative, leading the project’s work on the legal issues in rare disease research, https://www.promotinitiative.com .
Slokenberga teaches across medical law, administrative law and EU data protection law, having developed a full course on “GDPR in Context” and lecture materials in “Medicinsk rätt” for Swedish-language audiences. She is a board member and a vice president of the European Association of Health Law (EAHL) and of Nordic Permed Law (NPL), and sits on the editorial board of the European Journal of Health Law and European Health & Pharmaceutical Law Review.
Media
Slokenberga, S. Interview, "Vad varje kardiolog måste veta om AI-förordningen – innan det är för sent," conducted by Johan Sundström for the Swedish Society of Cardiology's Digital Health working group, Svensk Kardiologi, no. 1 (2026), 24–25, https://forening.sls.se/media/1amm2zh0/svensk-kardiologi-1-2026.pdf.

Publications
Selection of publications
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Part of Health Law in Action, 2026
- DOI for A new approach to health data governance through the European health data space regulation: could it all have been achieved with tweaks to the GDPR?
- Download full text (pdf) of A new approach to health data governance through the European health data space regulation: could it all have been achieved with tweaks to the GDPR?
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AI in Swedish patient care: the existing legal building blocks
Part of Förvaltningsrättslig Tidskrift, p. 617-643, 2026
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The European Health Data Space: Examining A New Era in Data Protection
Routledge, 2025
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The European Health Data Space: Challenges and Opportunities
2024
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Ethical and social reflections on the proposed European Health Data Space
Part of European Journal of Human Genetics, p. 498-505, 2024
- DOI for Ethical and social reflections on the proposed European Health Data Space
- Download full text (pdf) of Ethical and social reflections on the proposed European Health Data Space
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Part of Developing World Bioethics, p. 139-150, 2024
- DOI for Ethical, legal, and social implications in research biobanking: A checklist for navigating complexity
- Download full text (pdf) of Ethical, legal, and social implications in research biobanking: A checklist for navigating complexity
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Iustus förlag, 2023
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Part of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing, p. 1-14, Brill Nijhoff, 2023
- DOI for Introduction: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives in Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing
- Download full text (pdf) of Introduction: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives in Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing
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What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
Part of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing, p. 200-221, Brill Nijhoff, 2023
- DOI for What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
- Download full text (pdf) of What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
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Norstedts Juridik AB, 2022
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Part of Technology and regulation, p. 135-147, 2022
- DOI for Scientific research regime 2.0?: How the proposed EHDS Regulation may change the GDPR Research Regime
- Download full text (pdf) of Scientific research regime 2.0?: How the proposed EHDS Regulation may change the GDPR Research Regime
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Part of Frontiers in Genetics, 2022
- DOI for Appropriate Safeguards and Article 89 of the GDPR: Considerations for Biobank, Databank and Genetic Research
- Download full text (pdf) of Appropriate Safeguards and Article 89 of the GDPR: Considerations for Biobank, Databank and Genetic Research
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Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 327-340, 2022
- DOI for Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
- Download full text (pdf) of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
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Part of De lege Yearbook 2021:Law, AI and Digitalisation, p. 379-400, Iustus förlag, 2022
Recent publications
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Part of Nordic Journal of European Law, p. 25-50, 2026
- DOI for Evolution of Personal Data in the Court of Justice’s Case Law and Implications for Scientific Research
- Download full text (pdf) of Evolution of Personal Data in the Court of Justice’s Case Law and Implications for Scientific Research
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Part of Health Law in Action, 2026
- DOI for A new approach to health data governance through the European health data space regulation: could it all have been achieved with tweaks to the GDPR?
- Download full text (pdf) of A new approach to health data governance through the European health data space regulation: could it all have been achieved with tweaks to the GDPR?
-
AI in Swedish patient care: the existing legal building blocks
Part of Förvaltningsrättslig Tidskrift, p. 617-643, 2026
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The European Health Data Space: Examining A New Era in Data Protection
Routledge, 2025
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The European Health Data Space: Challenges and Opportunities
2024
All publications
Articles in journal
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Part of Nordic Journal of European Law, p. 25-50, 2026
- DOI for Evolution of Personal Data in the Court of Justice’s Case Law and Implications for Scientific Research
- Download full text (pdf) of Evolution of Personal Data in the Court of Justice’s Case Law and Implications for Scientific Research
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AI in Swedish patient care: the existing legal building blocks
Part of Förvaltningsrättslig Tidskrift, p. 617-643, 2026
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Part of Developing World Bioethics, p. 139-150, 2024
- DOI for Ethical, legal, and social implications in research biobanking: A checklist for navigating complexity
- Download full text (pdf) of Ethical, legal, and social implications in research biobanking: A checklist for navigating complexity
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A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law
Part of BMC Medical Ethics, 2024
- DOI for A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law
- Download full text (pdf) of A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law
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A proposal for an international Code of Conduct for data sharing in genomics
Part of Developing World Bioethics, p. 344-357, 2023
- DOI for A proposal for an international Code of Conduct for data sharing in genomics
- Download full text (pdf) of A proposal for an international Code of Conduct for data sharing in genomics
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EVDT regulas priekšlikumsun Datu otrreizējās izmantošanaslikumprojekts
Part of Jurista vārds: una lex - una iustitia omnibus, p. 32-37, 2023
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Veselības datu tiesiskā regulējuma transformācija
Part of Jurista vārds una lex - una iustitia omnibus, p. 6-7, 2023
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Part of Technology and regulation, p. 135-147, 2022
- DOI for Scientific research regime 2.0?: How the proposed EHDS Regulation may change the GDPR Research Regime
- Download full text (pdf) of Scientific research regime 2.0?: How the proposed EHDS Regulation may change the GDPR Research Regime
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Part of Seminars in Cancer Biology, p. 271-283, 2022
- DOI for Harmonization after the GDPR? Divergences in the rules for genetic and health data sharing in four member states and ways to overcome them by EU measures: insights from Germany, Greece, Latvia and Sweden
- Download full text (pdf) of Harmonization after the GDPR? Divergences in the rules for genetic and health data sharing in four member states and ways to overcome them by EU measures: insights from Germany, Greece, Latvia and Sweden
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What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 521-542, 2022
- DOI for What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
- Download full text (pdf) of What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
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Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 327-340, 2022
- DOI for Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
- Download full text (pdf) of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
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Part of BIOLAW JOURNAL-RIVISTA DI BIODIRITTO, p. 223-250, 2021
- DOI for You can't put the genie back in the bottle: On the legal and conceptual understanding of genetic privacy in the era of personal data protection in Europe
- Download full text (pdf) of You can't put the genie back in the bottle: On the legal and conceptual understanding of genetic privacy in the era of personal data protection in Europe
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Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 285-306, 2021
- DOI for Case C-243/19, A v Veselibas ministrija, Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 29 October 2020, EU:C:2020:872
- Download full text (pdf) of Case C-243/19, A v Veselibas ministrija, Judgement of the Court (Second Chamber) of 29 October 2020, EU:C:2020:872
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Part of International Data Privacy Law, p. 132-145, 2020
- DOI for Biobanking and data transfer between the EU and Cape Verde, Mauritius, Morocco, Senegal, and Tunisia: adequacy considerations and Convention 108
- Download full text (pdf) of Biobanking and data transfer between the EU and Cape Verde, Mauritius, Morocco, Senegal, and Tunisia: adequacy considerations and Convention 108
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Part of European Journal of Human Genetics, p. 1159-1167, 2019
- DOI for The GDPR and the research exemption: considerations on the necessary safeguards for research biobanks
- Download full text (pdf) of The GDPR and the research exemption: considerations on the necessary safeguards for research biobanks
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EU data transfer rules and African legal realities: is data exchange for biobank research realistic?
Part of International Data Privacy Law, p. 30-48, 2019
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Part of Medical Law Review, p. 482-508, 2019
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Part of Förvaltningsrättslig Tidskrift, p. 199-222, 2019
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Data Portability in Health Research and Biobanking
Part of European Data Protection Law Review, p. 296-307, 2018
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Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 517-536, 2018
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Legal and ethical governance of intercontinental biobanking: Some experiences from a H2020 project
Part of Förvaltningsrättslig Tidskrift, p. 169-192, 2017
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Part of Jurista Vārds, 2016
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Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing: Changes in the EU Regulatory Landscape
Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 463-480, 2015
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Part of Jurista Vārds, p. 8-25, 2015
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Medical Aid in dying in Quebec - legal considerations
Part of Journal of Medical Law and Ethics, p. 109-121, 2014
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Part of Jurista Vārds, 2013
Articles, review/survey
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Ethical and social reflections on the proposed European Health Data Space
Part of European Journal of Human Genetics, p. 498-505, 2024
- DOI for Ethical and social reflections on the proposed European Health Data Space
- Download full text (pdf) of Ethical and social reflections on the proposed European Health Data Space
-
Part of Frontiers in Genetics, 2022
- DOI for Appropriate Safeguards and Article 89 of the GDPR: Considerations for Biobank, Databank and Genetic Research
- Download full text (pdf) of Appropriate Safeguards and Article 89 of the GDPR: Considerations for Biobank, Databank and Genetic Research
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Legislation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Europe: a fragmented regulatory landscape
Part of Journal of Community Genetics, p. 117-132, 2018
- DOI for Legislation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Europe: a fragmented regulatory landscape
- Download full text (pdf) of Legislation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Europe: a fragmented regulatory landscape
Chapters in book
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Part of Festskrift till Elisabeth Rynning, p. 341-356, Iustus förlag, 2023
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Part of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing, p. 1-14, Brill Nijhoff, 2023
- DOI for Introduction: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives in Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing
- Download full text (pdf) of Introduction: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives in Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing
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What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
Part of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing, p. 200-221, Brill Nijhoff, 2023
- DOI for What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
- Download full text (pdf) of What Would It Take to Enable Germline Editing in Europe for Medical Purposes?
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Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 258-300, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 237-254, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2022
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Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 23-38, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2022
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Vid vägs ände: några nutida och framtida utmaningar för den medicinska rätten
Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 353-364, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2022
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Ārstniecības iestāžu darbības tiesiskie aspekti
Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 99-123, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 69-98, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 21-27, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 165-227, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Ārstniecība cilvēka dzīves nogalē
Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 485-514, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Part of Medicīnas tiesības, p. 718-719, Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 237-253, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2022
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Part of De lege Yearbook 2021:Law, AI and Digitalisation, p. 379-400, Iustus förlag, 2022
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The standard of care and implications for paediatric decision-making: The Swedish viewpoint
Part of Routledge Handbook of Global Health Rights, p. 122-152, Routledge, 2021
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Setting the Foundations: Individual Rights, Public Interest, Scientific Research and Biobanking
Part of GDPR and Biobanking, p. 11-30, Springer, 2021
- DOI for Setting the Foundations: Individual Rights, Public Interest, Scientific Research and Biobanking
- Download full text (pdf) of Setting the Foundations: Individual Rights, Public Interest, Scientific Research and Biobanking
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Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 23-36, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2020
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Vid vägs ände: några nutida och framtida utmaningar för den medicinska rätten
Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 277-284, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2020
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Genetiska interventioner inom och utanför hälso- och sjukvården
Part of Medicinsk rätt, p. 185-200, Norstedts Juridik AB, 2020
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Part of International Encyclopaedia of Laws, p. 1-170, Kluwer Law International, 2020
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The Regulation of Human Germline Genome Modification in Sweden
Part of Human Germline Genome Modification and the Right to Science, p. 281-308, Cambridge University Press, 2019
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Country report: an overview of animal protection in Latvia
Part of Scritti su etica e legislazione medica e veterinaria, p. 149-158, Cacucci Editore, 2017
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Pārskats par seksuālajām un reproduktīvajām tiesībām
Part of Medicīnas Tiesības, p. 515-586, Tiesu Namu Aģentūra, 2015
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Veselības aprūpe un Eiropas Savienība (EU law and health care)
Part of Medicīnas tiesīnas, p. 69-148, Tiesu Namu Aģentūra, 2015
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Ārstniecība cilvēka dzīves nogalē un nāves tiesiskie aspekti: (Death and dying)
Part of Medicīnas Tiesības, p. 639-675, Tiesu Namu Aģentūra, 2015
Collections (editor)
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The European Health Data Space: Examining A New Era in Data Protection
Routledge, 2025
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Iustus förlag, 2023
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Norstedts Juridik AB, 2022
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Tiesu namu aģentūra, 2022
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Brill Nijhoff, 2022
- DOI for Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
- Download full text (pdf) of Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing: The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
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GDPR and Biobanking: Individual Rights, Public Interest and Research Regulation across Europe
Springer, 2021
- DOI for GDPR and Biobanking: Individual Rights, Public Interest and Research Regulation across Europe
- Download full text (pdf) of GDPR and Biobanking: Individual Rights, Public Interest and Research Regulation across Europe
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Norstedts Juridik AB, 2020
Conference papers
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Part of Health Law in Action, 2026
- DOI for A new approach to health data governance through the European health data space regulation: could it all have been achieved with tweaks to the GDPR?
- Download full text (pdf) of A new approach to health data governance through the European health data space regulation: could it all have been achieved with tweaks to the GDPR?
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Part of New legal reality, p. 209-223, 2022
Monograph doctoral thesis
Reports
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The European Health Data Space: Challenges and Opportunities
2024
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2020
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Analysis of the legal and human rights requirements for genomics in and outside the EU: SIENNA D2.2
2019
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Final Ethics and Legal Framework
2018
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The Rights of Children in Biomedicine: Challenges posed by scientific advances and uncertainties
2017
Other
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Part of European Journal of Health Law, p. 355-360, 2018