Publikationer

Population genomic analysis identifies the complex structural variation at the fibromelanosis (FM) locus in chicken

Ma, Cheng; Andersson, Leif

Ingår i Scientific Reports, 2025

• DOI för Population genomic analysis identifies the complex structural variation at the fibromelanosis (FM) locus in chicken
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Population genomic analysis identifies the complex structural variation at the fibromelanosis (FM) locus in chicken

Regulatory and disruptive variants in the CLCN2 gene are associated with modified skin color pattern phenotypes in the corn snake

Montandon, Sophie A.; Beaudier, Pierre; Ullate-Agote, Asier; Helleboid, Pierre-Yves et al.

Ingår i Genome Biology, 2025

• DOI för Regulatory and disruptive variants in the CLCN2 gene are associated with modified skin color pattern phenotypes in the corn snake
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Regulatory and disruptive variants in the CLCN2 gene are associated with modified skin color pattern phenotypes in the corn snake

Skin regional specification and higher-order HoxC regulation

Li, Shu-Man Hsieh; Liang, Ya-Chen; Jiang, Ting-Xin; Jea, Wen Chien et al.

Ingår i Science Advances, 2025

• DOI för Skin regional specification and higher-order HoxC regulation
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Skin regional specification and higher-order HoxC regulation

Adaptation to seasonal reproduction and environment-associated factors drive temporal and spatial differentiation in northwest Atlantic herring despite gene flow

Fuentes Pardo, Angela P.; Stanley, Ryan; Bourne, Christina; Singh, Rabindra et al.

Ingår i Evolutionary Applications, 2024

• DOI för Adaptation to seasonal reproduction and environment-associated factors drive temporal and spatial differentiation in northwest Atlantic herring despite gene flow
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Adaptation to seasonal reproduction and environment-associated factors drive temporal and spatial differentiation in northwest Atlantic herring despite gene flow

An intronic copy number variation in Syntaxin 17 determines speed of greying and melanoma incidence in Grey horses

Rubin, Carl-Johan; Hodge, McKaela; Naboulsi, Rakan; Beckman, Madeleine et al.

Ingår i Nature Communications, 2024

• DOI för An intronic copy number variation in Syntaxin 17 determines speed of greying and melanoma incidence in Grey horses
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av An intronic copy number variation in Syntaxin 17 determines speed of greying and melanoma incidence in Grey horses

Conservation of Affinity Rather Than Sequence Underlies a Dynamic Evolution of the Motif-Mediated p53/MDM2 Interaction in Ray-Finned Fishes

Mihalič, Filip; Arcila, Dahiana; Pettersson, Mats; Farkhondehkish, Pouria et al.

Ingår i Molecular biology and evolution, 2024

• DOI för Conservation of Affinity Rather Than Sequence Underlies a Dynamic Evolution of the Motif-Mediated p53/MDM2 Interaction in Ray-Finned Fishes
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Conservation of Affinity Rather Than Sequence Underlies a Dynamic Evolution of the Motif-Mediated p53/MDM2 Interaction in Ray-Finned Fishes

Copy number variation and elevated genetic diversity at immune trait loci in Atlantic and Pacific herring

Mohamadnejad Sangdehi, Fahime; Jamsandekar, Minal S.; Enbody, Erik D.; Pettersson, Mats E. et al.

Ingår i BMC Genomics, 2024

• DOI för Copy number variation and elevated genetic diversity at immune trait loci in Atlantic and Pacific herring
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Copy number variation and elevated genetic diversity at immune trait loci in Atlantic and Pacific herring

Discriminating populations of Atlantic herring mixing in the Norwegian Sea feeding ground using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Pampoulie, Christophe; Slotte, Aril; Óskarsson, Guðmundur J.; Ólafsdóttir, Guðbjörg et al.

Ingår i Marine Ecology Progress Series, s. 227-240, 2024

• DOI för Discriminating populations of Atlantic herring mixing in the Norwegian Sea feeding ground using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Discriminating populations of Atlantic herring mixing in the Norwegian Sea feeding ground using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Evolution of fast-growing piscivorous herring in the young Baltic Sea

Goodall, Jake; Pettersson, Mats E.; Bergström, Ulf; Cocco, Arianna et al.

Ingår i Nature Communications, 2024

• DOI för Evolution of fast-growing piscivorous herring in the young Baltic Sea
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Evolution of fast-growing piscivorous herring in the young Baltic Sea

Genetic Stock Identification Reveals Mismatches Between Management Areas and Population Genetic Structure in a Migratory Pelagic Fish

Seljestad, Gaute Wilhelmsen; Quintela, Maria; Bekkevold, Dorte; Pampoulie, Christophe et al.

Ingår i Evolutionary Applications, 2024

• DOI för Genetic Stock Identification Reveals Mismatches Between Management Areas and Population Genetic Structure in a Migratory Pelagic Fish
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Genetic Stock Identification Reveals Mismatches Between Management Areas and Population Genetic Structure in a Migratory Pelagic Fish

How Fish Population Genomics Can Promote Sustainable Fisheries: A Road Map

Andersson, Leif; Bekkevold, Dorte; Berg, Florian; Farrell, Edward D. et al.

Ingår i Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, s. 1-20, 2024

• DOI för How Fish Population Genomics Can Promote Sustainable Fisheries: A Road Map
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av How Fish Population Genomics Can Promote Sustainable Fisheries: A Road Map

Limited Parallelism in Genetic Adaptation to Brackish Water Bodies in European Sprat and Atlantic Herring

Pettersson, Mats; Quintela, Maria; Besnier, Francois; Deng, Qiaoling et al.

Ingår i Genome Biology and Evolution, 2024

• DOI för Limited Parallelism in Genetic Adaptation to Brackish Water Bodies in European Sprat and Atlantic Herring
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Limited Parallelism in Genetic Adaptation to Brackish Water Bodies in European Sprat and Atlantic Herring

Research Note: Phenotypic trends for the multigenerational advanced intercross of the Virginia body weight lines of chickens

Siegel, P. B.; Honaker, C. F.; Andersson, Leif

Ingår i Poultry Science, 2024

• DOI för Research Note: Phenotypic trends for the multigenerational advanced intercross of the Virginia body weight lines of chickens
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Research Note: Phenotypic trends for the multigenerational advanced intercross of the Virginia body weight lines of chickens

Selection against domestication alleles in introduced rabbit populations

Andrade, Pedro; Alves, Joel M.; Pereira, Paulo; Rubin, Carl-Johan et al.

Ingår i Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2024

• DOI för Selection against domestication alleles in introduced rabbit populations

Targeting ZC3H11A elicits immunogenic cancer cell death through augmentation of antigen presentation and interferon response

Ali, Arwa; Contreras, Paola; Darweesh, Mahmoud; Andersson, Leif et al.

Ingår i Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids, 2024

• DOI för Targeting ZC3H11A elicits immunogenic cancer cell death through augmentation of antigen presentation and interferon response
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Targeting ZC3H11A elicits immunogenic cancer cell death through augmentation of antigen presentation and interferon response

The origin and maintenance of supergenes contributing to ecological adaptation in Atlantic herring

Jamsandekar, Minal; Ferreira, Mafalda S.; Pettersson, Mats; Farrell, Edward D. et al.

Ingår i Nature Communications, 2024

• DOI för The origin and maintenance of supergenes contributing to ecological adaptation in Atlantic herring
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av The origin and maintenance of supergenes contributing to ecological adaptation in Atlantic herring

The role of G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands in animal domestication

Kleinau, Gunnar; Chini, Bice; Andersson, Leif; Scheerer, Patrick

Ingår i Animal Genetics, s. 893-906, 2024

• DOI för The role of G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands in animal domestication
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av The role of G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands in animal domestication

White horses - non-coding sequences drive premature hair greying and predisposition to melanoma

Andersson, Leif

Ingår i Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2024

• DOI för White horses - non-coding sequences drive premature hair greying and predisposition to melanoma
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av White horses - non-coding sequences drive premature hair greying and predisposition to melanoma

A frame-shift mutation in COMTD1 is associated with impaired pheomelanin pigmentation in chicken

Bi, Huijuan; Tranell, Jonas; Harper, Dawn C.; Lin, Weifeng et al.

Ingår i PLOS Genetics, 2023

• DOI för A frame-shift mutation in COMTD1 is associated with impaired pheomelanin pigmentation in chicken
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av A frame-shift mutation in COMTD1 is associated with impaired pheomelanin pigmentation in chicken

A Long-Standing Hybrid Population Between Pacific and Atlantic Herring in a Subarctic Fjord of Norway

Pettersson, Mats; Fuentes Pardo, Angela P.; Rochus, Christina Marie; Enbody, Erik D. et al.

Ingår i Genome Biology and Evolution, 2023

• DOI för A Long-Standing Hybrid Population Between Pacific and Atlantic Herring in a Subarctic Fjord of Norway
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av A Long-Standing Hybrid Population Between Pacific and Atlantic Herring in a Subarctic Fjord of Norway

Ablation of ZC3H11A causes early embryonic lethality and dysregulation of metabolic processes

Younis, Shady; Jouneau, Alice; Larsson, Mårten; Oudin, Jean-Francois et al.

Ingår i Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023

• DOI för Ablation of ZC3H11A causes early embryonic lethality and dysregulation of metabolic processes
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Ablation of ZC3H11A causes early embryonic lethality and dysregulation of metabolic processes

Community-wide genome sequencing reveals 30 years of Darwin's finch evolution

Enbody, Erik D.; Sendell-Price, Ashley T.; Sprehn, C. Grace; Rubin, Carl-Johan et al.

Ingår i Science, s. 1427-+, 2023

• DOI för Community-wide genome sequencing reveals 30 years of Darwin's finch evolution

Ecological adaptation in cod and herring and possible consequences of future climate change in the Baltic Sea

Andersson, Leif; André, Carl; Johannesson, Kerstin; Pettersson, Mats

Ingår i Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023

• DOI för Ecological adaptation in cod and herring and possible consequences of future climate change in the Baltic Sea
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Ecological adaptation in cod and herring and possible consequences of future climate change in the Baltic Sea

Introgression Underlies Phylogenetic Uncertainty But Not Parallel Plumage Evolution in a Recent Songbird Radiation

Rancilhac, Loïs; Enbody, Erik D.; Harris, Rebecca; Saitoh, Takema et al.

Ingår i Systematic Biology, 2023

• DOI för Introgression Underlies Phylogenetic Uncertainty But Not Parallel Plumage Evolution in a Recent Songbird Radiation
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Introgression Underlies Phylogenetic Uncertainty But Not Parallel Plumage Evolution in a Recent Songbird Radiation

Low Mutation Load in a Supergene Underpinning Alternative Male Mating Strategies in Ruff (Calidris pugnax)

Hill, Jason; Enbody, Erik D.; Bi, Huijuan; Lamichhaney, Sangeet et al.

Ingår i Molecular biology and evolution, 2023

• DOI för Low Mutation Load in a Supergene Underpinning Alternative Male Mating Strategies in Ruff (Calidris pugnax)
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Low Mutation Load in a Supergene Underpinning Alternative Male Mating Strategies in Ruff (Calidris pugnax)

Mixed-stock analysis of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): a tool for identifying management units and complex migration dynamics

Bekkevold, Dorte; Berg, Florian; Polte, Patrick; Bartolino, Valerio et al.

Ingår i ICES Journal of Marine Science, s. 173-184, 2023

• DOI för Mixed-stock analysis of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): a tool for identifying management units and complex migration dynamics
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Mixed-stock analysis of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): a tool for identifying management units and complex migration dynamics

The genomic basis and environmental correlates of local adaptation in the Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)

Fuentes-Pardo, Angela P.; Farrell, Edward D.; Pettersson, Mats E.; Sprehn, C. Grace et al.

Ingår i Evolutionary Applications, s. 1201-1219, 2023

• DOI för The genomic basis and environmental correlates of local adaptation in the Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av The genomic basis and environmental correlates of local adaptation in the Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)

The RNA-binding protein ZC3H11A interacts with the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein PABPN1 and alters polyadenylation of viral transcripts

Kases, Katharina; Schubert, Erik; Hajikhezri, Zamaneh; Larsson, Mårten et al.

Ingår i Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2023

• DOI för The RNA-binding protein ZC3H11A interacts with the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein PABPN1 and alters polyadenylation of viral transcripts
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av The RNA-binding protein ZC3H11A interacts with the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein PABPN1 and alters polyadenylation of viral transcripts

A baseline for the genetic stock identification of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c

Farrell, Edward D. D.; Andersson, Leif; Bekkevold, Dorte; Campbell, Neil et al.

Ingår i Royal Society Open Science, 2022

• DOI för A baseline for the genetic stock identification of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av A baseline for the genetic stock identification of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c

Gregor Johann Mendel and the development of modern evolutionary biology

Stenseth, Nils Chr; Andersson, Leif; Hoekstra, Hopi E.

Ingår i Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022

• DOI för Gregor Johann Mendel and the development of modern evolutionary biology
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Gregor Johann Mendel and the development of modern evolutionary biology

Hmga2 deficiency is associated with allometric growth retardation, infertility, and behavioral abnormalities in mice

Lee, Mi Ok; Li, Jingyi; Davis, Brian W.; Upadhyay, Srijana et al.

Ingår i G3, 2022

• DOI för Hmga2 deficiency is associated with allometric growth retardation, infertility, and behavioral abnormalities in mice
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Hmga2 deficiency is associated with allometric growth retardation, infertility, and behavioral abnormalities in mice

Hop Mice Display Synchronous Hindlimb Locomotion and a Ventrally Fused Lumbar Spinal Cord Caused by a Point Mutation in Ttc26

Rabe Bernhardt, Nadine; Memic, Fatima; Velica, Anna; Tran, Michelle A. et al.

Ingår i eNeuro, 2022

• DOI för Hop Mice Display Synchronous Hindlimb Locomotion and a Ventrally Fused Lumbar Spinal Cord Caused by a Point Mutation in Ttc26
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Hop Mice Display Synchronous Hindlimb Locomotion and a Ventrally Fused Lumbar Spinal Cord Caused by a Point Mutation in Ttc26

Rapid adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches depends on ancestral genetic modules

Rubin, Carl-Johan; Enbody, Erik D.; Dobreva, Mariya P.; Abzhanov, Arhat et al.

Ingår i Science Advances, 2022

• DOI för Rapid adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches depends on ancestral genetic modules
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Rapid adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches depends on ancestral genetic modules

Spatiotemporal variations in retrovirus-host interactions among Darwin’s finches

Hill, Jason; Lillie, Mette; Pettersson, Mats; Rubin, Carl-Johan et al.

Ingår i Nature Communications, 2022

• DOI för Spatiotemporal variations in retrovirus-host interactions among Darwin’s finches
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Spatiotemporal variations in retrovirus-host interactions among Darwin’s finches

ZC3H11A loss of function enhances NF-κB signaling through defective IκBα protein expression

Darweesh, Mahmoud; Younis, Shady; Hajikhezri, Zamaneh; Ali, Arwa et al.

Ingår i Frontiers in Immunology, 2022

• DOI för ZC3H11A loss of function enhances NF-κB signaling through defective IκBα protein expression
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av ZC3H11A loss of function enhances NF-κB signaling through defective IκBα protein expression

A Chromosome-Level Assembly of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Genome Reveals an Expansion of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Freshwater Fish

Liu, Han; Chen, Chunhai; Lv, Maolin; Liu, Ning et al.

Ingår i Molecular biology and evolution, s. 4238-4251, 2021

• DOI för A Chromosome-Level Assembly of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Genome Reveals an Expansion of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Freshwater Fish
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av A Chromosome-Level Assembly of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Genome Reveals an Expansion of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Freshwater Fish

A combination of genetic and phenotypic characterization of spring- and autumn-spawning herring suggests gene flow between populations

Berg, Florian; Ostgaard, Hedda D.; Slotte, Aril; Andersson, Leif et al.

Ingår i ICES Journal of Marine Science, s. 694-703, 2021

• DOI för A combination of genetic and phenotypic characterization of spring- and autumn-spawning herring suggests gene flow between populations

A loss-of-function mutation in RORB disrupts saltatorial locomotion in rabbits

Carneiro, Miguel; Vieillard, Jennifer; Andrade, Pedro; Boucher, Samuel et al.

Ingår i PLOS Genetics, 2021

• DOI för A loss-of-function mutation in RORB disrupts saltatorial locomotion in rabbits
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av A loss-of-function mutation in RORB disrupts saltatorial locomotion in rabbits

A multispecies BCO2 beak color polymorphism in the Darwin's finch radiation

Enbody, Erik D.; Sprehn, Charlotte Grace; Abzhanov, Arhat; Bi, Huijuan et al.

Ingår i Current Biology, s. 5597-56040000000, 2021

• DOI för A multispecies BCO2 beak color polymorphism in the Darwin's finch radiation
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av A multispecies BCO2 beak color polymorphism in the Darwin's finch radiation

Asymmetric introgression reveals the genetic architecture of a plumage trait

Semenov, Georgy A.; Linck, Ethan; Enbody, Erik D.; Harris, Rebecca B. et al.

Ingår i Nature Communications, 2021

• DOI för Asymmetric introgression reveals the genetic architecture of a plumage trait
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Asymmetric introgression reveals the genetic architecture of a plumage trait

Cis-acting mutation affecting GJA5 transcription is underlying the Melanotic within-feather pigmentation pattern in chickens

Li, Jingyi; Lee, Mi-Ok; Chen, Junfeng; Davis, Brian W. et al.

Ingår i Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021

• DOI för Cis-acting mutation affecting GJA5 transcription is underlying the Melanotic within-feather pigmentation pattern in chickens
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Cis-acting mutation affecting GJA5 transcription is underlying the Melanotic within-feather pigmentation pattern in chickens

Ecological adaptation in European eels is based on phenotypic plasticity

Enbody, Erik D.; Pettersson, Mats; Sprehn, Charlotte Grace; Palm, Stefan et al.

Ingår i Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021

• DOI för Ecological adaptation in European eels is based on phenotypic plasticity
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Ecological adaptation in European eels is based on phenotypic plasticity

Functional differences between TSHR alleles associate with variation in spawning season in Atlantic herring

Chen, Junfeng; Bi, Huijuan; Pettersson, Mats; Sato, Daiki et al.

Ingår i Communications Biology, 2021

• DOI för Functional differences between TSHR alleles associate with variation in spawning season in Atlantic herring
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Functional differences between TSHR alleles associate with variation in spawning season in Atlantic herring

Porcine ZBED6 regulates growth of skeletal muscle and internal organs via multiple targets

Wang, Dandan; Pan, Dengke; Xie, Baocai; Wang, Shengnan et al.

Ingår i PLOS Genetics, 2021

• DOI för Porcine ZBED6 regulates growth of skeletal muscle and internal organs via multiple targets
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Porcine ZBED6 regulates growth of skeletal muscle and internal organs via multiple targets

The crest phenotype in domestic chicken is caused by a 197 bp duplication in the intron of HOXC10

Li, Jingyi; Lee, Mi-Ok; Davis, Brian W.; Wu, Ping et al.

Ingår i G3, 2021

• DOI för The crest phenotype in domestic chicken is caused by a 197 bp duplication in the intron of HOXC10
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av The crest phenotype in domestic chicken is caused by a 197 bp duplication in the intron of HOXC10

The feather pattern autosomal barring in chicken is strongly associated with segregation at the MC1R locus

Schwochow, Doreen; Bornelöv, Susanne; Jiang, Tingxing; Li, Jingyi et al.

Ingår i Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, s. 1015-1028, 2021

• DOI för The feather pattern autosomal barring in chicken is strongly associated with segregation at the MC1R locus
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av The feather pattern autosomal barring in chicken is strongly associated with segregation at the MC1R locus

ZBED6 counteracts high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance by maintaining beta cell area and reducing excess mitochondrial activation

Wang, Xuan; Younis, Shady; Cen, Jing; Wang, Yun et al.

Ingår i Diabetologia, s. 2292-2305, 2021

• DOI för ZBED6 counteracts high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance by maintaining beta cell area and reducing excess mitochondrial activation
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av ZBED6 counteracts high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance by maintaining beta cell area and reducing excess mitochondrial activation

ZBED6 regulates Igf2 expression partially through its regulation of miR483 expression

Naboulsi, Rakan; Larsson, Mårten; Andersson, Leif; Younis, Shady

Ingår i Scientific Reports, 2021

• DOI för ZBED6 regulates Igf2 expression partially through its regulation of miR483 expression
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av ZBED6 regulates Igf2 expression partially through its regulation of miR483 expression

Brain Transcriptomics of Wild and Domestic Rabbits Suggests That Changes in Dopamine Signaling and Ciliary Function Contributed to Evolution of Tameness

Sato, Daiki X.; Rafati, Nima; Ring, Henrik; Younis, Shady et al.

Ingår i Genome Biology and Evolution, s. 1918-1928, 2020

• DOI för Brain Transcriptomics of Wild and Domestic Rabbits Suggests That Changes in Dopamine Signaling and Ciliary Function Contributed to Evolution of Tameness

Comparison of Otolith Microstructure of Herring Larvae and Sibling Adults Reared Under Identical Early Life Conditions

Tonheim, Susanne; Slotte, Aril; Andersson, Leif; Folkvord, Arild et al.

Ingår i Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020

• DOI för Comparison of Otolith Microstructure of Herring Larvae and Sibling Adults Reared Under Identical Early Life Conditions
• Ladda ner fulltext (pdf) av Comparison of Otolith Microstructure of Herring Larvae and Sibling Adults Reared Under Identical Early Life Conditions